PMS symptoms reach their peak during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and include significant affective lability, loss of interest in activities such as hobbies and friends, lack of energy, anxiety, irritability, insomnia, oversleeping, difficulty in concentrating, breast tenderness and a host of other unpleasant symptoms.

A krill oil study conducted by Sampalis et al. (2003) showed that krill oil supplements have significant beneficial benefits on the emotional and cognitive difficulties associated with premenstrual syndrome, as well as breast tenderness and joint pain, and that it is more effective than fish oil in alleviating the symptoms.

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2. krill oil contains the powerful antioxidant astaxanthin. Fish oil does not.

3. Fish oil easily goes rancid. Krill oil does not.

4. krill oil contains proportionately more EPA (eicosapentaeneoic acid) than fish oil – this is why it has a stronger effect on depression and other mood disorders.

5. Krill oil is a little more expensive that fish oil, but unquestionably worth it.

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krill oil also reduces the risk of heart attacks: it keeps cholesterol at healthy levels, reduces bad cholesterol, and has anti-inflammatory properties that are very beneficial for your cardiovascular system.

Another benefit of krill oil is that it is extremely rich in antioxidants – chemicals that mop up free radicals. (Free radicals damage DNA and other biological molecules in cells. They cause ageing, cancer and other problems.) Specifically, the EPA part of the phospholipids inkrill oil has an antioxidant known as astaxanthin attached to it. All in all, the antioxidant properties of krill oil are over 40 times as powerful as those of fish oil. Astaxanthin protects your skin against the harmful effects of UV rays, among other things.

A number of research studies have shown krill oil to have even greater beneficial effects than fish oil on depression and other mood and personality disorders. In some cases, in experiments comparing fish oil and krill oil, only krill oil had beneficial effects on brain function and depression. Scientists* think this might be due to one or both of the following factors:

(1) krill oil contains a greater proportion of EPA than fish oil, and EPA seems to be the crucial omega-3 fatty acid in brain health – more so than DHA;

(2) as mentioned above, in krill oil, DHA and EPA occur in phospholipids, not triglycerides, and this makes it much easier for the body to incorporate them into cell membranes.

Other studies have shown krill oil to have benefits on adult ADHD, pre-menstrual tension (PMS) and dysmenorrhea.

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* Sampalis F., Bunea R., Pelland MF., Kowalski O., Duguet N., Dupuis S. Evaluation of the effects of Neptune Krill Oil on the management of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea. Altern. Med. Rev. 2003, 8:171-179.

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